The Chief Censor says New Zealand has an opportunity to be leading the world in fighting against COVID-19 disinformation online.

Nasty rumours, inaccurate advice and bullying has circulated through social media following the second wave of infections.

Health Minister Chris Hipkins gave those responsible a serve at the 1pm briefing on Sunday, after a racist and misogynist rumour about a woman breaking into an isolation facility had done the rounds.

He says it has reached a "new and concerning level", and "not only is it harmful and dangerous, it's totally and utterly wrong".

But other than a good telling off, the government is limited in what action it can take to starve the online world of fake news.

Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are just some of the places where information is shared, but the big platforms seem to do little to moderate.

Chief Censor David Shanks says Sweden has been teaching kids for nearly a decade on how to both spot and verify misinformation.

He says New Zealand is world-leading with its response to the extremists using the internet as a weapon following the mosque shootings.

"The Christchurch Call was one of the first moves led out which really brought an integrated, transnational, governmental and industry accord in thinking about how we could deal with the weaponisation of the internet in terms of the spread of violent extremist material."

And similar leadership from New Zealand could also help stop the spread of COVID-19 misinformation, says Shanks.

"In a way, some of the extreme disinformation and conspiracy theories could be seen as the next layer out from that and is, in a way, connected with violent extremism when you trace through to the origins of some of this material.

"I think New Zealand can and should have a role in leading some thinking about how we can deal with this sort of issue."

Social media commentator Anna Rawhiti-Connell says the second wave of the coronavirus has split the online community, increasing both the attacks and the severity of them.

"Part of that is around just fatigue, people are weary and they are tired.

"There's a lot of uncertainty and that will naturally create a splintering kind of effect."

Patriotism is a very big part of the last conquering of COVID, she says.

"I think we have splinted far more than we did around that initial lockdown.

"We kind of got through a lot of that on the sort of spirit and smell of a patriotic oily rag, and this time around, I don't know if that's quite as strong, and so that does breed a much more fractious kind of environment."

Rawhiti-Connell says throughout the second outbreak there has been lots of racial overtones and people looking for something to blame.

Indigenous Rights advocate Tina Ngata says Māori are particularly vulnerable to the disinformation because of a deep-rooted distrust of the government and its failure to uphold treaty obligations.

"Some of the concerns are very valid and they don't come from nowhere, they generally find fertile soil where there is disenfranchisement," she says.

"That's why we see it over in the United States, the working class are really engaged in some of these conspiracy theories and that's because they do feel let down by the system.

"And there are whole communities that feel let down by the system here and Aotearoa as well."

Honouring the Treaty in a pandemic

Ngata says the Māori pandemic response group Te Rōpū Whakakaupapa Urutā wants to be more involved in the decision making and feels the decisions that are made are not as representative as they can be.

"This is an opportunity for the government to reflect on why it's picked up so well here in Aotearoa and what has been the government's role in that disenfranchisement and the lack of trust because, you know, similar to any relationship, if the trust is in place, it doesn't really matter what other people say."

She says the government needs to acknowledge the role of the Treaty within the pandemic.

"There are some issues that feed into our trust relationships in the past and a lot of that, for Māori in particular, comes back to Treaty violations.

"Making sure that Te Tiriti is centred and upheld and honoured and not looked at as a 'nice to have' but looked at as a constitutional underpinning for all of our decisions as a nation moving ahead," Ngata says.

Tech commentator Paul Brislen is alarmed at how many people relied solely on social media for their news when these platforms are not policed in the same way the mainstream media is.

Instagram COVID-19 warning. Photo: Supplied/RNZ

"Social media outlets, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, all the rest of them, they simply refuse to accept that they are publishers of the content that is shared as widely as it is.

"They claim to be a platform totally neutral, they have no control over it.

"Because the government buys into that that really gives them nowhere to go in terms of enforcement of decency or any of the things that aren't in law but are in common practice that we get with professional media."

Brislen says without someone to hold them accountable, the government does not have a leg to stand on.

Instagram, however, has taken some action. It has teams actively removing posts that breached the COVID-19 policy.

"We remove content that could lead to imminent harm, and we've applied warning labels to millions of pieces of misinformation.

"Conspiracies around the virus continue to be fact-checked by our partners around the world, and we block vaccine-related hashtags which contain known misinformation to reduce its visibility on Instagram."

-RNZ/Charlotte Cook.